The earth's rock surface used to be molten, i.e. a thick liquid like lava, and back then the world was spinning faster than it is now. The Earth's spin is gradually slowing down due to various forces. In about 150,000 years for example, a day will be about 27 hours long.
As the earth cooled, the molten rock began to set in place, hence the bulge that still exists today, and then the Earth's spin continued to slow down.
Imagine it like the spinning swinging chairs fairground ride. As the ride speeds up, the chairs swing outwards from the force of the spin until they're almost horizontal, but then as it it slows down, the chairs eventually return to their vertical resting positions.
I'd say the Earth is closer to a large than a medium.
Yes, to an extent you're right, but a vacuum is also a medium if we're using that version of the terminology.
The THREE laws of motion apply everywhere, regardless of what the medium is.
The THREE laws are not extensions of each other at all. They are distinct, different, and describe different aspects of motion.
That is correct. It pushes in every direction but is held back by the skin of the balloon in all directions except the direction of the hole, therefore all the internal forces cancel each other out with the exception of the one in the opposite direction of the hole, thereby creating motion in that direction.
Out of the nozzle, yes. The atmospheric pressure outside the balloon has nothing to do with the direction of motion though, it only affects the speed at which the air inside the balloon escapes.
In a vacuum, it escape faster because there's less pressure outside preventing the escape, and so the speed of travel of the balloon would be much faster than it would be if released in air.
The medium is irrelevant to the direction of travel of the balloon. The lower the pressure outside the balloon, the faster the balloon will travel in the opposite direction. A balloon released in a vacuum would travel much faster than the same balloon released in your living room.
You're wrong. The lack of friction from the air makes movement easier, not harder. Just watch that video I posted earlier today of the world's largest vacuum chamber - when released in a vacuum, the feathers fall to the ground at the exact same speed as the bowling ball due to the lack of friction from air.
A vacuum is the lowest possible pressure medium.
Just because you don't understand how rockets work, doesn't mean it's an impossibility.
Very VERY wrong.
Not true at all.
The phenomenon you're describing is completely true, and that's exactly why the balloon would travel faster on release in a vacuum than in your living room.
The much lower pressure in a vacuum means that the relative pressure between the air inside the balloon and the medium outside the balloon is greater, which in turn produces a greater effect when the balloon is released.
Thanks for providing the perfect example of why you're wrong about this.
No, the propellant is pushing against the spacecraft, not against the atmosphere. We've all explained this to you many times.
Burning propellant expands massively against the spacecraft.
What absolute gibberish.
Your fundamental understanding of what makes the motion happen is wrong, so all your arguments about this are based on that wrong assumption.
The force of the propellant is acting against the spacecraft. That's what causes the motion of the spacecraft.
In our atmosphere, the expulsion of the exhaust reaction ALSO pushes against the air outside it, causing that air to be pushed away (don't stand in the way of the exhaust reaction if you ever try this experiment at home or you'll be fried), but always remember the EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION - it happens in all directions at once but if there's only one direction the exhaust reaction can escape because the craft itself is blocking all the other directions, then the NET FORCE propels the craft away from the reaction.
NEWTON, BABY!
The dynamite creates an exothermic reaction that does indeed require oxygen to make it happen, but do honestly believe that if you supplied a bunch of dynamite with an oxygen supply (say, by supplying it with liquid oxygen) in a vacuum, it wouldn't push away a cardboard box sitting next to it?
I can assure you it would.
The surrounding air is indeed pushed away, just like the box would be. It's unnecessary to the motion of the box though.
Tell me, what do you think would happen if the dynamite were actually glued to the side of the box nin such a way that there was no air in between the dynamite and the box? Do you think the box would just sit still when the dynamite exploded because there was no air in between them to push it away?
It does, it creates a massive blast of propellant.
You're wrong. This is EXACTLY how spacecraft move in space.
The more you look at it through your bizarre flat-earther eyes, the more deluded you become, and the stronger the smell of your own bullshittery becomes.
You're clutching at straws now, like. Your obvious stress at being tucked so many times in short succession is having a noticeable effect on your posting style.
Have you bollocks.