The answers you seek can be found in this video, from about 6 minutes onwards:
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It was a few years ago I saw these and while looking for the guide on the magic shape shifting lampshade, part 2 from about 8 minutes onwards is surprisingly similar to how the conversations have gone over the last few weeks.
An interesting point in the video that I hadn't thought of is "Why should the behaviour of atmospheric gas change with lattitude, how does the gas know?". And while typing this, that old chestnut explanation of "atmospheric density" crops up again. A hand wave, two words and suddenly everything is explained, despite the fact that atmospheric density is known to change with weather but observed effects remain constant.
Interesting to see that he picked the sun and observed angles not working while I picked Polaris, but with the same results.
Now if you have a ice dome which warps, melts and refreezes then that could act as your magic morphing lampshade to some extent, but then angles still don't match what they would on a flat earth.
It is something I said ages ago. Earth is a globe....ah but what about this....good point, earth is a spinning globe.....ah but what about this.....good point, earth is a spinning globe tilted at 23 degrees.....but what about the moon.....that is also a globe in orbit around the earth, taking about a month per orbit.....ah but what about, err no actually in that model it covers star rotation, star and sun height at latitude, phases of the moon, seasons and when followed through from a model, exactly match observations. Looks like we have this cracked in time for tea.
The earth is flat and may or may not be under a dome.....ah but what about this.....lies, wibble, refraction.....ah but what about this.....erm, more refraction, atmospheric density.....ah but what about this, you are still struggling to explain the most basic thing which is night and day.......wibble wibble, angry denial, go on the attack, look squirrel......
No model of a flat/dome earth has ever been presented that actually works and they have not even managed to produce a working map that matches measured distances on the earth. Amazing how they put so much faith into it.