If I'd received an invite to tender for a new bridge construction with a fixed completion date of 2024, I'd simply not reply. You can't apply the same standards to a bridge as laying a driveway.
I deliver electrical infrastructure projects using the NEC4 contract framework, and missing agreed deadlines means compensation events and consequently financial risk. No ta.
I stipulate things in the initial program like the testing and commissioning will take a week, in 2 years time. The painting of plant, two weeks, in 3 years time. I have no idea whether I'll be able to get the staff, or the network outage, or even if the painting will be needed at that point, but the program gives me an end date which is expected to evolve as the project progresses.